Over 3. 50 million individuals depend on coral reef resources for food and income. Unfortunately, the Earth is in the midst of a coral reef crisis. Anthropogenic impacts including overfishing, destructive fishing practices, sedimentation and pollution, as well as global climate change, have served to disrupt the natural processes that maintain the health of these ecosystems. Until recently, however, the global extent of the coral reef crisis was unknown. Reef Check was developed in 1. With goals of education, monitoring, and management, Reef Check has activities in over 6. They have not only provided scientific evidence of the global extent of the coral reef crisis, but have provided the first community based steps to alleviate this urgent situation. What can two years of monitoring tell us about Venezuelan coral reefs? The benthic and fish communities of Dos Mosquises Sur and Madrizqui at Los Roques National Park, and Caiman and Cayo Norte at Morrocoy National Park, in Venezuela were monitored during 2. The CARICOMP method was used to describe the benthic community, and the AGRRA protocol was applied to the fish community assessment. Biology, Geography & Health. The genus name Norovirus is derived from Norwalk virus. Most shellfish eat a diet composed primarily of zooplankton. Jerusalem artichokes are often eaten by diabetics since they. The benthic cover of five broad living categories (i. Despite being on different parks, the benthic cover in Dos Mosquises Sur and Cayo Norte was similar (7. Bray- Curtis), whereas Caiman differed greatly (5. The cover of hard coral, algae, sponges and octocorals was similar between 2. Similarly, the fish community structure of both parks did not change over time, and was dominated by herbivores (Pomacentridac, Scaridae and Acanthuridae). However, commercially important carnivores (e. Anthopleura XanthogrammicaCumulative biological source index volumes 1–30. Publisher Summary. From the adult form. A larva often has unique structures and organs that do not occur in the adult form and their diet may also be considerably different. Retrospective evaluations of clinical studies with the sulfonylurea glibenclamide in diabetics. Lutjanids and Serranids) were more abundant in Los Roques than in Morrocoy. Although it was expected that the benthic cover and fish community would reflect greater differences between Los Roques and Morrocoy, only the fish community appeared healthier in Los Roques, whereas Cayo Norte (Morrocoy), had a coral cover similar or higher than both sites of Los Roques. Thus, our results suggest that in Venezuela, oceanic reef sites are not necessarily 'healthier' (i. The addition of three new sites and the reincorporation of Caiman has improved and expanded the monitoring capabilities in Venezuela and it represents the first step towards the consolidation of a coral reefmonitoring program for the country. Monitoring of coastal coral reefs near Dahab (Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea) indicates local eutrophication as potential cause for change in benthic communities. Pub. Med. Naumann, Malik S; Bednarz, Vanessa N; Ferse, Sebastian C A; Niggl, Wolfgang; Wild, Christian. Coral reef ecosystems fringing the coastline of Dahab (South Sinai, Egypt) have experienced increasing anthropogenic disturbance as an emergent international tourism destination. Previous reports covering tourism- related impacts on coastal environments, particularly mechanical damage and destructive fishing, have highlighted the vital necessity for regular ecosystem monitoring of coral reefs near Dahab. However, a continuous scientific monitoring programme of permanent survey sites has not been established to date. Thus, this study conducted in situ monitoring surveys to investigate spatio- temporal variability of benthic reef communities and selected reef- associated herbivores along with reefhealth indicator organisms by revisiting three of the locally most frequented dive sites during expeditions in March 2. September 2. 01. 1 and February 2. In addition, inorganic nutrient concentrations in reef- surrounding waters were determined to evaluate bottom- up effects of key environmental parameters on benthic reef community shifts in relation to grazer- induced top- down control. Findings revealed that from 2. Three Pools (TP), while showing negative trends for the Blue Hole (BH) and Lighthouse (LH) sites. Hard coral cover decline was significantly and highly correlated to a substantial increase in turf algae cover (up to 5. TP) at all sites, replacing hard corals as dominant benthic space occupiers in 2. These changes were correlated to ambient phosphate and ammonium concentrations that exhibited highest values (0. While macroalgae appeared to respond to both bottom- up and top- down factors, change in turf algae was consistent with expected indications for bottom- up control. Temporal variability measured in herbivorous reef fish stocks reflected seasonal impacts by. The Role of Observation Systems in Coral Reef. Monitoring and Management. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)Bainbridge, S.; Steinberg, C.; Rigby, P. The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) located along north eastern Australia consists of some 3,5. At over 3. 15,0. 00 square kilometres in area it represents a large dynamic system, is complex at all scales, sparsely monitored and relatively poorly understood. Managing such a complex system, including the impact of threats such as Climate Change and terrestrial run- off, requires a detailed understanding of the forces that drive the system and the resulting observed biological responses such as productivity, coral bleaching and coral disease. The Great Barrier Reef Ocean Observing System (GBROOS), a geographic node of the Australian Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS), has deployed a range of observing infrastructure at a number of sites along the GBR. The project looks to measure and monitor the impact of oceanic water from the Coral Sea on the continental shelf reef systems an in particular the role of upwelling and intrusions. In the southern region there is a concentration of observing infrastructure around Heron and One Tree Islands including deep water moorings, ocean surface radar, satellite remote sensing (SST and Ocean Colour), on- reef meteorological stations and wireless sensor networks. This area therefore provides an opportunity to gain an understanding of how the oceanic waters impact and force shallower reef systems and in particular how the thermal environment within the reef lagoons is influenced by oceanic and other processes. The data from all of these systems will be integrated to form a picture of the thermal events occurring in this region during the 2. Initial analysis of the real- time sensor network data shows the lagoons of Heron and One Tree Islands heating slowly over a number of weeks followed often by sharp cooling periods where the lagoon temperature can drop five degrees Celsius in a day or two. The presentation will look to link the within lagoon data with the deep water data. Ultrasonic wireless healthmonitoring. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)Petit, Lionel; Lefeuvre, Elie; Guyomar, Daniel; Richard, Claude; Guy, Philippe; Yuse, Kaori; Monnier, Thomas. The integration of autonomous wireless elements in healthmonitoring network increases the reliability by suppressing power supplies and data transmission wiring. Micro- power piezoelectric generators are an attractive alternative to primary batteries which are limited by a finite amount of energy, a limited capacity retention and a short shelf life (few years). Our goal is to implement such an energy harvesting system for powering a single AWT (Autonomous Wireless Transmitter) using our SSH (Synchronized Switch Harvesting) method. Based on a non linear process of the piezoelement voltage, this SSH method optimizes the energy extraction from the mechanical vibrations. This AWT has two main functions : The generation of an identifier code by RF transmission to the central receiver and the Lamb wave generation for the healthmonitoring of the host structure. A damage index is derived from the variation between the transmitted wave spectrum and a reference spectrum. The same piezoelements are used for the energy harvesting function and the Lamb wave generation, thus reducing mass and cost. A micro- controller drives the energy balance and synchronizes the functions. Such an autonomous transmitter has been evaluated on a 3. Four 3. 3x. 11x. 0. A piezoelectric sensor is placed at the free end of the beam to track the transmitted Lamb wave. In this configuration, the needed energy for the RF emission is 0. J for a 1 byte- information and the Lamb wave emission requires less than 0. J. The AWT can harvested an energy quantity of approximately 2. J (for a 1. 5 Mpa lateral stress) with a 4. This corresponds to a power density near to 6m. W/cm 3. The experimental AWT energy abilities are presented and the damage detection process is discussed. Finally, some envisaged solutions are introduced for the implementation of the required data. Abrolhos Bank Reef. Health Evaluated by Means of Water Quality, Microbial Diversity, Benthic Cover, and Fish Biomass Data. Pub. Med Central. Bruce, Thiago; Meirelles, Pedro M.; Garcia, Gizele; Paranhos, Rodolfo; Rezende, Carlos E.; de Moura, Rodrigo L.; Filho, Ronaldo- Francini; Coni, Ericka O. C.; Vasconcelos, Ana Tereza; Amado Filho, Gilberto; Hatay, Mark; Schmieder, Robert; Edwards, Robert; Dinsdale, Elizabeth; Thompson, Fabiano L. The health of the coral reefs of the Abrolhos Bank (southwestern Atlantic) was characterized with a holistic approach using measurements of four ecosystem components: (i) inorganic and organic nutrient concentrations, . The possible benefits of protection from fishing were particularly evaluated by comparing sites with varying levels of protection. Two reefs within the well- enforced no- take area of the National Marine Park of Abrolhos (Parcel dos Abrolhos and California) were compared with two unprotected coastal reefs (Sebasti. The fish biomass was lower and the fleshy macroalgal cover was higher in the unprotected reefs compared with the protected areas. The unprotected and protected reefs had similar seawater chemistry. Lower vibrio CFU counts were observed in the fully protected area of California Reef. Metagenome analysis showed that the unprotected reefs had a higher abundance of archaeal and viral sequences and more bacterial pathogens, while the protected reefs had a higher abundance of genes related to photosynthesis.
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